I-Backhoe Loader

I-backhoe loader iyiyunithi eyodwa eyakhiwe izingcezu ezintathu zemishini yokwakha. Okuvame ukwaziwa ngokuthi "kumatasa kuzo zombili iziphetho". Ngesikhathi sokwakha, opharetha udinga kuphela ukuvula isihlalo ukuze ashintshe ukuphela kokusebenza. Umsebenzi oyinhloko wesilayishi se-backhoe ukumba imisele yamapayipi omzila kanye nezintambo ezingaphansi komhlaba, ukubeka isisekelo sezakhiwo kanye nokusungula izinhlelo zokudonsa amanzi.

Isizathu esiyinhloko sokuthi ama-backhoe loaders akuzo zonke izindawo zokwakha kungenxa yesidingo sokumba kanye nokususa ukungcola kumaphrojekthi ahlukahlukene. Nakuba amanye amathuluzi amaningi engenza umsebenzi ofana nalo, isilayishi se-backhoe singakhuphula ukusebenza kahle kwakho kakhulu. Uma kuqhathaniswa, izilayishi ze-backhoe zihlangene kakhulu kunezisetshenziswa ezinkudlwana, ezinenjongo eyodwa njengama-crawler excavators. Futhi zingaphinde zihanjiswe ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zokwakha futhi zigijime ngisho nasemgwaqeni. Nakuba isilayishi esincane kanye nesisetshenziswa sokumba singase sibe sincane kunesilayishi se-backhoe, ukusebenzisa isilayishi se-backhoe kungonga inani elibalulekile lesikhathi nemali uma usonkontileka enza kokubili imisebenzi yokumba kanye nokulayisha.
I-backhoe loader ihlanganisa: i-powertrain, ukuphela kokulayisha, nokuphela kokumba. Ucezu ngalunye lwemishini yakhelwe uhlobo oluthile lomsebenzi. Esizeni sokwakha esijwayelekile, ama-excavator opharetha ngokuvamile kudingeka asebenzise zonke izingxenye ezintathu ukuze enze umsebenzi wenziwe.

I-Powertrain
Isakhiwo esiyinhloko se-backhoe loader yi-powertrain. I-powertrain yesilayishi se-backhoe yakhelwe ukuthi ihambe ngokukhululeka ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene ezimangelengele. Ifaka injini ye-turbodiesel enamandla, amathayi amakhulu anamazinyo ajulile kanye nekhebhu efakwe izilawuli zokushayela (isondo lokuqondisa, amabhuleki, njll.).
I-loader ihlanganiswe ngaphambili kwempahla futhi i-excavator ihlanganiswe ngemuva. Lezi zingxenye ezimbili zinikeza imisebenzi ehluke ngokuphelele. Abalayishi bangenza imisebenzi eminingi eyahlukene. Ezinhlelweni eziningi, ungacabanga ngakho njengesitsha esinamandla esikhulu sothuli noma i-coffee scoop. Ngokuvamile ayisetshenziselwa ukumba, kodwa isetshenziselwa ukucosha nokuhambisa izinto eziningi ezixegayo. Kungenjalo, ingasetshenziswa ukusunduza umhlaba njengegeja, noma ukushelela umhlabathi njengebhotela esinkwa. Umsebenzisi angakwazi ukulawula isilayishi ngenkathi eshayela ugandaganda.
I-excavator iyithuluzi eliyinhloko le-backhoe loader. Ingasetshenziselwa ukumba izinto ezicinene, eziqinile (ngokuvamile inhlabathi) noma ukuphakamisa izinto ezisindayo (njengamabhokisi endle). I-excavator ingakwazi ukuphakamisa impahla futhi iyibeke eceleni kwembobo. Kalula nje, i-excavator iyingalo enamandla, enkulu noma umunwe, oqukethe izingxenye ezintathu: i-boom, ibhakede, nebhakede.
Okunye okungeziwe okuvame ukutholakala kuma-backhoe loaders kufaka phakathi izinyawo ezimbili eziqinile ngemuva kwamasondo angemuva. Lezi zinyawo zibalulekile ekusebenzeni kwe-excavator. Izinyawo zimunca umthelela wesisindo se-excavator njengoba yenza imisebenzi yokumba. Ngaphandle kokuzinza kwezinyawo, isisindo somthwalo osindayo noma amandla aphansi okumba azolimaza amasondo namathayi, futhi wonke ugandaganda uzogxuma phezulu naphansi. Izinyawo ezizinzile zigcina ugandaganda uzinzile futhi unciphisa amandla okushayisana akhiqizwa lapho i-excavator imba. Izinyawo eziqinisayo ziphinde zivikele ugandaganda ukuthi ungasheleli emiseleni noma emihumeni.
amasu okusebenza aphephile
1. Ngaphambi kokumba nge-backhoe loader, umlomo nemilenze yebhakede lokulayisha kufanele igxilwe phansi, ukuze amasondo angaphambili nangemuva asuke kancane phansi, futhi i-fuselage kufanele igcinwe izinga ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuzinza umshini. Ngaphambi kokumbiwa, ibhakede elilayishayo kufanele liguqulwe ukuze umlomo webhakede ubheke phansi futhi amasondo angaphambili asuke kancane phansi. Cindezela futhi ukhiye i-pedal yebhuleki, bese welula ama-outrigger ukuze uphakamise amasondo angemuva ukusuka phansi futhi ugcine indawo evundlile.
2. Uma i-boom igqekeza ngokuzumayo phakathi nokwehla kwayo, amandla okushayisana okubangelwa inertia yayo azolimaza idivayisi yokumba futhi acekele phansi ukuqina komshini, kubangele ingozi yokugoqa. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, isibambo sokulawula kufanele sizinzile futhi akufanele sihambe ngokucijile; i-boom akufanele ibhuleki phakathi nendawo lapho yehlisa. Ungasebenzisi igiya eliphezulu uma umba. Ukujikeleza kufanele kube bushelelezi, ngaphandle komthelela futhi kusetshenziselwe ukushaya izinhlangothi zomsele. I-buffer block ekugcineni kwe-boom kufanele igcinwe injalo; uma yonakele, kufanele ilungiswe ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa. Lapho ushintsha, idivayisi yokumba kufanele ibe sesimweni sokuthutha esiphakathi, imilenze kufanele ihlehliswe, futhi ingalo ephakamisayo kufanele iphakanyiswe ngaphambi kokuqhubeka.
3. Ngaphambi kokulayisha imisebenzi, indlela yokubulala yedivayisi yokumba kufanele ibekwe endaweni ephakathi futhi ihlanganiswe nepuleti lokudonsa. Ngesikhathi sokulayisha, igiya eliphansi kufanele lisetshenziswe. Indawo yokuntanta yevalvu akufanele isetshenziswe lapho ingalo yokuphakamisa ibhakede iphakanyiswa. Ama-valve okusabalalisa ohlelo lokulawula amanzi ahlukaniswe abe amavalvu amane angaphambili nangemuva amane. Ama-valve amane angaphambili alawula ama-outriggers, izingalo eziphakamisa kanye namabhakede okulayisha, njll., futhi asetshenziselwa ukunwetshwa kwe-outrigger kanye nemisebenzi yokulayisha; ama-valve amane angemuva asebenzisa amabhakede, ama-slewing, kanye nezingxenye ezihambayo. Izikhali nezibambo zamabhakede, njll., ezisetshenziselwa ukuzungezisa nokumba. Ukusebenza kwamandla kwemishini kanye nekhono le-hydraulic system akuvumeli futhi akunakwenzeka ukwenza imisebenzi yokulayisha nokumba ngesikhathi esisodwa.
4. Uma amavalvu amane okuqala esebenza, amavalvu amane okugcina akumele asebenze ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ngesikhathi sokushayela noma sokusebenza, akekho ovunyelwe ukuhlala noma ukuma noma yikuphi ku-backhoe loader ngaphandle kwangaphandle kwekhebhu.
5. Ngokuvamile, izilayishi ze-backhoe zisebenzisa ogandaganda abanamasondo njengenjini eyinhloko, futhi zifakwe izinto zokulayisha nokumba ngaphambili nangemuva ngokulandelana, okwandisa ubude nesisindo somshini. Ngakho-ke, gwema isivinini esikhulu noma amajika abukhali lapho ushayela ukuze uvimbele izingozi. Ungagudli ngokungathathi hlangothi lapho wehla umqansi. Lapho induku ye-hydraulic piston yebhakede nesibambo sebhakede igcinwa endaweni enwetshiwe ngokugcwele, ibhakede lingasondezwa eduze kwe-boom, futhi idivayisi yokumba isesimweni esifushane, esivumela ukuhamba. Lapho ushayela, izinto eziphuma ngaphandle kufanele zihoxiswe ngokugcwele, idivayisi yokumba kufanele ilungiswe ngokuqinile, idivayisi yokulayisha kufanele yehliswe, futhi izinduku zebhakede nesibambo se-hydraulic piston kufanele zihlale endaweni enwetshiwe ngokugcwele.
6. Ngemuva kokuthi ugandaganda onamasondo uguqulwe ube yi-backhoe loader, isisindo sikagandaganda siyakhula kakhulu. Ukuze kuncishiswe umonakalo wamathayi ngaphansi komthwalo osindayo, izinyathelo ziyathathwa ukuze amasondo angemuva asuke phansi uma upaka. Lapho isikhathi sokupaka sidlula, ama-outriggers kufanele aphakanyiswe ukuze aphakamise amasondo angemuva ukusuka phansi; lapho isikhathi sokupaka sidlula, amasondo angemuva kufanele aphakanyiswe phansi futhi kufanele asekelwe ngamaphedi ngaphansi kokumiswa kwangemuva.